| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Name of Joan of Arc ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Name of Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc did not come from a place called ''Arc'', but was born and raised in the village of Domrémy in what was then the northeastern frontier of the Kingdom of France.〔Domrémy was a king's territory, but the parrish depended on the bishop of Toul, who was a lord of the Holy Roman Empire.〕 In the English language her first name has been repeated as ''Joan'' since the fifteenth century because that was the only English equivalent for the feminine form of ''John'' during her lifetime. Her surviving signatures are all spelled ''Jehanne'' without surname. In French her name is today always rendered as ''Jeanne d'Arc'', reflecting the modern spelling of her first name. The surname ''of Arc'' is a translation of ''d'Arc,'' which itself is a nineteenth-century French approximation of her father's name. Apostrophes were never used in fifteenth-century French surnames, which sometimes leads to confusion between place names and other names that begin with the letter ''D''. Based on Latin records, which do reflect a difference, her father's name was more likely ''Darc''. Spelling was also phonetic and original records produce his surname in at least nine different forms, such as ''Dars'', ''Day'', ''Darx, Dare, Tarc, Tart'' or ''Dart''.〔Pernoud and Clin, pp. 220-221〕〔Donald Spoto: ''Joan - The Mysterious Life of the Heretic Who Became a Saint'' (2007)〕
To further complicate matters, surnames were not universal in the fifteenth century and surname inheritance did not necessarily follow modern patterns. Joan of Arc testified at her trial that the local custom in her native region was for girls to use their mothers' surname. Joan's mother was known both as ''Isabelle Romée'' and ''Isabelle de Vouthon''. No surviving record from Joan's lifetime shows that she used either her mother's or her father's surname, but she often referred to herself as ''la Pucelle'', which roughly translates as ''the Maiden''. Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, when ''Jeanne d'Arc'' and ''Joan of Arc'' became standard, literature and artistic works that refer to her often describe her as ''la Pucelle'' or ''the Maid of Orléans''. Her native village has been renamed ''Domrémy-la-Pucelle'' in reflection of that tradition.〔
Joan appears (in a negative light) in William Shakespeare's late sixteenth-century play ''Henry VI, Part 1''. In the play she is referred to mainly as ''Joan La Pucelle'' and ''Joan'', but also twice as ''Joan of Arc''.
== De Quincey about the name (1847) ==
"Now, the worshipful reason of modern France for disturbing the old received spelling, is–that Jean Hordal, a descendant of La Pucelle's brother, spelled the name Darc, in 1612. But what of that? Beside the chances that M. Hordal might be a gigantic blockhead, it is notorious that what small matter of spelling Providence had thought fit to disburse amongst man in the seventeenth century, was all monopolized by printers: in France, much more so."
Thomas De Quincey, ''Joan of Arc''〔()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Name of Joan of Arc」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|